desert
音标发音
- 英式音标 [(for v.) dɪ'zɜːt; (for n.) 'dezətdɪ'zɜːtdɪˈzɜːt]
- 美式音标 [(for v.) dɪˈzɝt; (for n.) 'dɛzɚt]
- 国际音标 ['dezət]
- 英式发音
- 美式发音
基本解释
- n. 沙漠,荒原;沉闷乏味的境况(或地区),冷清的地方;应得的赏罚(常用复数)
- v. 遗弃;舍弃,离弃(某地方);(士兵)擅离(部队);逃走;开小差;放弃,撇下不管;背离,使失望;(感觉、品质或技艺)离开,丧失
- adj. 沙漠的;荒凉的;被抛弃的
词源解说
- 14世纪晚期进入英语,直接源自古法语的deserter;最初源自古典拉丁语的deserere:de (取消) + serere (加入),意为放弃。
词根记忆
- de(分开) + sert(放置)→不放进去→舍弃
- de(分离) + sert(放入)→分开,不放入→丢弃
- de(使没有) + sert(加入)→使不再加入→使离开→遗弃
同根派生
- adj性质的同根词
- deserted:荒芜的;被遗弃的。
- deserved:应得的;理所当然的。
- deserving:值得的;应得的;有功的。
- adv性质的同根词
- deservedly:理所当然地;应得报酬地。
- n性质的同根词
- desertification:(土壤)荒漠化;沙漠化(等于desertization)。
- deserter:逃兵;背弃者;[劳经]擅离职守者;脱党者。
- desertion:遗弃;开小差;逃亡。
- v性质的同根词
- deserted:遗弃(desert的过去式和过去分词)。
- deserved:值得;应得;应受报答(deserve的过去分词)。
- deserving:值得;应得到(deserve的现在分词)。
用法辨析
- desert的基本意思是“沙漠”,指全部被沙子覆盖、很少下雨和少有植物生长的地方。也可指“像沙漠一样荒芜的地方”。可充当不可数名词,也可作可数名词,“一片沙漠”是a desert,“多片沙漠”是deserts。用作比喻可作“荒凉的境界”解,是不可数名词。desert还可作“应得到的事物”解,作此解时常用复数形式。
- desert的重音在第一个音节。
- desert前一般要有定冠词the,在作“沙漠地区”解时,前面的介词通常用in。
- desert用作及物动词意思是“抛弃,遗弃”,强调违背允诺、誓言,或逃避责任等,通常指永久的遗弃,并含有过失之义,后面接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。
- desert用作不及物动词时,意思为“开小差,逃亡”。
- desert引申可表示“(在需要的时候)失去…”,作此解时,其宾语总是人,其主语通常是被失去的表示抽象意义的名词短语。
- desert的过去分词deserted可用作形容词,在句中作定语。
- desert用作动词时重音在第二个音节上。
- a desert表示“荒芜的地方”,指“一片沙漠”。表达“多片沙漠或荒地”时,用deser;
n. (名词)
v. (动词)
英汉例句
- Vast areas of land have become desert.
广大的地区均已变成沙漠。 - The whole crew deserted.
全体船员弃船逃生。 - Never desert a friend in need.
决不要抛弃有困难的朋友。 - The deserted village was filled with a deathly silence.
这个荒废的村庄死一般的寂静。
用作名词 (n.)
用作动词 (v.)
用作不及物动词: S+~(+A)
用作及物动词: S+~+ n./pron.
其他: v -ed as Attrib.
词组短语
- reclaim a desert 开垦沙漠
- barren desert 荒凉的不毛之地
- cultural desert 文化沙漠
- trackless desert 人迹罕至的沙漠
- arid desert 干旱的沙漠
- entertainment desert 一个缺乏文化娱乐的地方
- the Gobi desert 戈壁滩沙漠
用作名词 (n.)
动词+~
形容词+~
名词+~
英英字典
- an area, often covered with sand or rocks, where there is very little rain and not many plants
- (RUN AWAY) to leave the armed forces without permission and with no intention of returning
- (LEAVE BEHIND) to leave someone without help or in a difficult situation and not come back
- dzt desertdzt de+sert
- If people or animals desert a place, they leave it and it becomes empty.
- deserted
- If someone deserts you, they go away and leave you, and no longer help or support you.
- desertion
- If you desert something that you support, use, or are involved with, you stop supporting it, using it, or being involved with it.
- desertion
- If someone deserts, or deserts a job, especially a job in the armed forces, they leave that job without permission.
- If you say that someone got their just deserts, you mean that they deserved the unpleasant things that happened to them, because they did something bad.