94生活常识网有道词典

scratch

S 开头单词四级核心词六级词汇考研词汇专四核心词专八核心词托福词汇词源字典

音标发音

  • 英式音标 [skrætʃ]
  • 美式音标 [skrætʃ]
  • 国际音标 [skrætʃ]
  • 英式发音
  • 美式发音

基本解释

  • n. 擦伤；抓痕；刮擦声；乱写
  • adj. 打草稿用的；凑合的；碰巧的
  • vt. 抓；刮；挖出；乱涂
  • vi. 抓；搔；发刮擦声；勉强糊口；退出比赛

词源解说

  • 1474年进入英语，直接源自中世纪英语的scratten and crachen，意为抓。

同根派生

  • adj性质的同根词
    scratchy：潦草的；刺痒的；草率的；发刮擦声的。
  • n性质的同根词
    scratcher：抓扒者；抓扒工具。

用法辨析

    v. (动词)

  • scratch的基本意思是“搔”“抓”,多指用带光(而非带刃)的东西如手指甲等去抓搔,也可表示在平面上刮线或穿孔。动作的发出者多没有明确的目的,而动作的承受者多受到一定程度的损害。引申可表示“刮伤”“勾掉”“刻画”“艰难地谋生”“退出比赛”等。
  • scratch既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词、代词作宾语。

英汉例句

    用作动词 (v.)

    用作不及物动词: S+～(+A)

  • The dog is always scratching.
    那条狗老是搔痒。

    • 用作及物动词: S+～+ n./pron.

  • He has a curious habit of scratching his ear while he speaks.
    他有一种奇怪的习惯,一讲话就搔耳朵。

    • 用作名词 (n.)

  • His dog just gives a scratch at the door when it wants to come in.
    他的狗想进来时就用爪子抓门。

词组短语

    用作动词 (v.)

    ～+名词

  • scratch one 's legs 刺伤双腿
  • scratch a hole 扒坑
  • scratch the table 划坏桌子

    • ～+副词

  • scratch eagerly 热心地勾掉
  • scratch inadvertently 非故意地刮伤
  • scratch industriously 勤奋地抓

英英字典

    剑桥英英字典

  • (CUT) to cut or damage a surface or your skin slightly with or on something sharp or rough
  • (REMOVE) to remove yourself or another person or an animal from a competition before the start
  • (STOP) to decide not to do something you had planned to do
  • a mark made by scratching
  • a group of people brought together in a hurry in order to play together on a particular occasion

    • 柯林斯英英字典

  • If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching.
  • If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface.
  • Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts.
  • If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before.
  • If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle.

专业释义

    计算机科学技术

  • 擦除(数据等)
  • 刮
  • 刮痕
  • 暂用

    • 能源科学技术

  • 划伤

    The silicon wafer of IC manufacturing is required not only high degree of the plane, minimum surface roughness but also without metamorphic layer and scratch on the surface.
    制造IC的硅片不仅要求极高的平面度，极小的表面粗糙度，而且要求表面无变质层、无划伤。

    机械工程

  • 划痕

    The microhardness,binding force,porosity,the anti-corrosive and wear resistant performances are studied by using Vickers microhardness microscope,scratch tester, corrosive test,NSS and wear testing machine.
    利用显微维氏硬度计、涂层附着力划痕仪、腐蚀法、中性盐雾试验法（NSS）以及磨损试验机对镍基TiN纳米复合镀层和镍镀层的显微硬度、结合力、孔隙率、耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能等进行对比研究分析。

  • 刮伤

    • 体育

  • (赛马等)退出比赛，弃权：
  • 失误；侥幸击中
  • 未得分
  • 零分

    • 农业科学

  • 马脚葡萄疮