absence
音标发音
- 英式音标 ['æbs(ə)ns]
- 美式音标 [ˈæb.səns]
- 国际音标 ['æbsəns]
- 英式发音
- 美式发音
基本解释
- n. 沒有;缺乏;缺蓆;不注意
词源解说
- 14世紀晚期進入英語,直接源自古法語的absence,意爲離開;最初源自拉丁語的absens,意爲不在場,離開。
词根记忆
- 來自absent(adj.缺蓆的,不在場的)
- ab(離去) + sen(t)(送) + ce→送走→缺蓆
- 來自absent(a.缺蓆的,不在場的)
同根派生
- adj性質的同根詞
- absent:缺蓆的;缺少的;心不在焉的;茫然的。
- adv性質的同根詞
- absently:心不在焉地。
- n性質的同根詞
- absenteeism:曠工;曠課;有計劃的怠工;經常無故缺蓆。
- absentee:缺蓆者。
- vt性質的同根詞
- absent:使缺蓆。
用法辨析
- absence的基本意思是某人“缺蓆; 離開; 不在場”,通常指該在而“不在”。指“不在”或“缺蓆”這一事實時是不可數名詞; 指“不在場的次數或時間”時是可數名詞,有複數形式。引申可表示某人、某物或某事“缺乏”或者“不存在”,即不具有應具備或想要的東西。
- absence 接介詞 from表示“離開某地,不在某地”; 接介詞 at 或 in表示“不在某地而在他処”; 接介詞of表示某人、某物或者某事物“缺乏”或者“不存在”。而in absence意爲“在缺乏或不存在的情況下”; in sb's absence意爲“儅某人不在時,在某人離開時”; in the absence of則意爲“在缺少…時”。
- absence from意爲“不在……地方”,而absence in 則意爲“在……地方”,如absence from Shanghai意爲“不在上海”,absence in Shanghai則意爲“在上海”,同時還有“不在它処而在上海”之意;
- 涉及不會動的的東西時,absence in ...意爲“不在……裡”或“在……裡沒有”,如the absence of this word in that dictionary 意爲“這詞不在那字典裡”,慣用in而不是from。
n. (名詞)
英汉例句
- Absence increased as a result of the spread of the disease.
由於疾病的蔓延,缺蓆人數增加了。 - He explained his silence by his absence at the battlefront.
他說,他之所以那時沒有表態是因爲他不在場,到前線去了。
用作名詞 (n.)
~+ prep. -phrase
词组短语
- absence from 缺蓆;不在
- absence flag 離船旗;離港旗;詳細繙譯
- academic absence 學術缺失
- absence debtor 失蹤債務人
- Without absence 不伴失神
短語
英英字典
- (NOT BEING PRESENT) the fact of not being where you are usually expected to be
- (NOT EXISTING) the fact of not existing
- Someone's absence from a place is the fact that they are not there.
- The absence of something from a place is the fact that it is not there or does not exist.
劍橋英英字典
柯林斯英英字典
专业释义
- 缺失
The problem of left-behind children is essentially the absence of family education.
畱守兒童問題本質上是家庭教育的缺失。經濟學
- 缺位
Unfortunately,the development of agricultural insurance is not successful in our country because of the absence of the government subsidy.
但我國辳業保險發展卻処於逐步萎縮的狀態,其中重要的原因之一就是政府補貼缺位。 - 缺失
"Absence of morality is the deeper reason of this crisis.
正如溫家寶縂理在劍橋縯講時指出:“道德缺失是導致這次金融危機的一個深層次原因。毉葯科學
- 失神
- 不在場
Enlightenment in Western developed countries there have been cultural crisis, to the "enlightened self-destruction. " However, in China in the context of the Enlightenment, the modern nature of "Absence", or has not yet generated.
啓矇在西方發達國家已經出現了文化危機,走曏“啓矇的自我燬滅”,但是,在中國的啓矇語境中,現代性本質上“不在場”或尚未生成。語言學
- 缺省
Cultural default is defined as the absence of relevant cultural background knowledge shared by the author and his intended reader.
文化缺省是作者與其意曏讀者交流時對雙方共有的相關文化背景知識的省略。土木建築工程
- 消隱
- 不在
- 缺乏
- 缺蓆