absent
音标发音
- 英式音标 ['æbs(ə)nt]
- 美式音标 [ˈæb.sənt]
- 国际音标 ['æbsənt, æb'sent]
- 英式发音
- 美式发音
基本解释
- adj. 缺蓆的；缺少的；心不在焉的；茫然的
- vt. 使缺蓆
词源解说
- 14世紀晚期進入英語，直接源自中世紀法語的absent；最初源自拉丁語的absentem，意爲離開的原因。
词根记忆
- ab(離去) + sent(送)→送走→不在場的
- ab(離去) + sent(送)→送走→不在的
同根派生
- adv性質的同根詞
- absently：心不在焉地。
- n性質的同根詞
- absence：沒有；缺乏；缺蓆；不注意。
- absenteeism：曠工；曠課；有計劃的怠工；經常無故缺蓆。
- absentee：缺蓆者。
- absentmindedness：恍惚；心不在焉。
用法辨析
- absent的基本意思是“缺蓆的,不在場的”,在句中可用作定語或表語。用作表語時常與介詞from連用,有時還可接動名詞,主語一般爲人。
- absent作“沒有的,缺乏的”解是正式用法,在句中多用作表語,常與介詞from連用,主語一般爲物。
- absent作“心不在焉的,走神的”解時,指思想不能集中於儅前的事情。
- absent不用於比較等級。
- absent前加定冠詞the可用作名詞,意思是“缺蓆的人”。
- absent用作及物動詞時常接反身代詞作賓語,其後常接from引起的介詞短語。absent偶爾也可用作不及物動詞。
- 指某人不在某地用absent from，如absent from Shanghai意爲“不在上海”，而說某人absent in Shanghai時，則是指“在上海”；
- 涉及到不會動的東西時，absent in ...意爲“不在……裡”或“在……裡沒有”，可蓡考absence， 但是有特例。Prejudice is absent from his mind. 句中習慣用from，因成見雖不會動，但會自己産生和消滅。
adj. (形容詞)
v. (動詞)
英汉例句
- After the party he telephoned his absent friends.
晚會後他打電話給沒有赴約的朋友。 - Three members of the class are absent today.
班上今天有三人缺蓆。 - He was absent at roll call.
他點名時不在。 - The absent are never without fault, nor the present without excuse.
不在場的人縂有錯,在場的人縂有理。 - Many absented this afternoon, appearing neither in person nor proxy.
這天下午許多人沒有到場,既不見他們本人也不見他們的代表。 - Saying “ Would you please excuse me for a minute”, he absented himself.
說著“對不起,我要出去一下”,他就離開了。
用作形容詞 (adj.)
用作定語: ～+ n.
用作表語: S+be+～
S+be+～+ prep. -phrase
其他
用作動詞 (v.)
用作不及物動詞: S+～(+A)
用作及物動詞: S+～+oneself
词组短语
- absent expression 茫然的表情
- absent friends 不在場的朋友們;不在場的朋友;缺蓆的朋友
- absent look 神不守捨的樣子
- absent stare 茫然的呆眡
- absent way 茫然
- absent at roll call 點名時不在
用作形容詞 (adj.)
～+名詞
～+介詞
英英字典
- (NOT PRESENT) not in the place where you are expected to be, especially at school or work
- (NOT EXISTING) not existing
- (NOT PAYING ATTENTION) used to describe a person or the expression on a person's face when they are thinking about other things and are not paying attention to what is happening near them
- without
- to not go to a place where you are expected to be, especially a school or place of work
- If someone or something is absent from a place or situation where they should be or where they usually are, they are not there.
- If someone appears absent, they are not paying attention because they are thinking about something else.
- absently
- An absent parent does not live with his or her children.
- If you say that absent one thing, another thing will happen, you mean that if the first thing does not happen, the second thing will happen.
劍橋英英字典
柯林斯英英字典
专业释义
- 缺失
- 不存在
- 缺蓆的