hard
音标发音
- 英式音标 [hɑːd]
- 美式音标 [hɑːrd]
- 国际音标 [hɑ:d]
- 英式发音
- 美式发音
基本解释
- adj. 努力的;硬的;困难的;辛苦的;确实的;严厉的;猛烈的;冷酷无情的
- adv. 努力地;困难地;辛苦地;接近地;猛烈地;牢固地
- n. (Hard)人名;(英、芬、瑞典)哈德
词源解说
- 直接源自古英语的heard,意为固体的,结实的,不软的;最初源自原始日耳曼语的kharthus。
同根派生
- adj性质的同根词
- hardened:变硬的;坚定的。
- hardy:坚强的;勇敢的;能吃苦耐劳的;鲁莽的。
- n性质的同根词
- hardship:困苦;苦难;艰难险阻。
- hardness:[物]硬度;坚硬;困难;冷酷。
- hardy:强壮的人;耐寒植物;方柄凿。
- hardening:硬化;淬火;锻炼。
- v性质的同根词
- hardened:坚定,变硬(harden的过去分词)。
- hardening:硬化;使强壮(harden的ing形式)。
- vi性质的同根词
- harden:变硬,变坚固;变坚强;变冷酷。
- vt性质的同根词
- harden:使…变硬;使…坚强;使…冷酷;使…麻木不仁。
用法辨析
- hard作“困难的”解时,指要消耗很大的体力去做某事,有时也指精神上的困难。
- hard还可表示“费力的,费神的,艰难的” “持强硬态度的,不妥协的,不让步的” “有力的,猛烈的,严厉的” “困苦的,难以忍受的” “(声音)刺耳的,(颜色)刺目的” “酒精含量高的”等。
- hard在句中可用作定语或表语,其后可跟for〔to, with〕等介词短语、动词不定式、that从句。
- hard是对主语具有评价意义的形容词,说明主语在哪方面“难”。接动词不定式时,句子的主语不是该不定式的主语,而是该不定式的宾语。
- hard修饰动态动词,位于实义动词之后。
- hard一般表示“困难的”。This is a hard question to answer. 这是个难题,不好回答。
- hard在hard of hearing(有些聋的)中有特殊含义“艰难的”,注意不适合用在别处;
- hard后可接of和表示动作的名词。This food is hard of digestion. 这个食物很难消化。
- 注意hard一般不会和impossible连用,可选择将difficult同impossible连用。It is hard, if not impossible. 这个表达是错误的。
adj. (形容词)
adv. (副词)
英汉例句
- Make a hard knot.
打一个结实的结。 - That's a hill hard to climb.
那是座难爬的山。 - This bit of wood feels hard.
这块木头摸起来很硬。 - This job will be hard for me.
这工作对我来说将会是很困难的。 - The poem is hard to understand.
这首诗难懂。 - This candy is so hard that no one can chew it.
这种糖太硬,没人嚼得动。 - It's hard to know what he's really thinking.
很难知道他到底在想什么。 - Regular physical exercises soon made the boys hard.
经常的运动使那些男孩的身体很快变结实了。 - They tried hard to succeed.
他们尽力设法取得成功。
用作形容词 (adj.)
用作定语: ~+ n.
n. +~
用作表语: S+be+~
S+be+~+ prep .-phrase
S+be+~+(for sb) to- v
S+be+~+that-clause
It is/was+~+(for sb) to- v
用作宾语补足语: S+V+O+~
用作副词 (adv.)
用作状语
词组短语
- hard bargain 大肆讨价还价
- hard customer 挑剔的顾客
- hard face 难看的脸
- hard heart 铁石心肠
- hard job 艰苦的工作
用作形容词 (adj.)
~+名词
英英字典
- (SOLID) not easy to bend, cut, or break
- (DIFFICULT) difficult to understand, do, experience, or deal with
- (USING EFFORT) needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort
- (SEVERE) not pleasant or gentle; severe
- (ALCOHOL) A hard drink contains a high level of alcohol.
- (WATER) Hard water contains a high level of minerals that prevent soap from cleaning.
- (CLEAR) able to be proved
- (WEATHER) used to describe a time when there is bad weather
- (USING EFFORT) with a lot of physical or mental effort
- (WEATHER) If it rains or snows hard, it rains or snows a lot.
- Something that is hard is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken.
- hardness
- Something that is hard is very difficult to do or deal with.
- If you work hard doing something, you are very active or work intensely, with a lot of effort.
- Hard is also an adjective.
- Hard work involves a lot of activity and effort.
- If you look, listen, or think hard, you do it carefully and with a great deal of attention.
- Hard is also an adjective.
- If you strike or take hold of something hard, you strike or take hold of it with a lot of force.
- Hard is also an adjective.
- You can use hard to indicate that something happens intensely and for a long time.
- If a person or their expression is hard, they show no kindness or sympathy.
- If you are hard on someone, you treat them severely or unkindly.
- Hard is also an adverb.
- If you say that something is hard on a person or thing, you mean it affects them in a way that is likely to cause them damage or suffering.
- If you have a hard life or a hard period of time, your life or that period is difficult and unpleasant for you.
- hardness
- Hard evidence or facts are definitely true and do not need to be questioned.
- Hard drugs are very strong illegal drugs such as heroin or cocaine.
- If you say that something is hard going, you mean it is difficult and requires a lot of effort.
- To be hard hit by something means to be affected very severely by it. ...
- If someone plays hard to get, they pretend not to be interested in another person or in what someone is trying to persuade them to do.
剑桥英英字典
柯林斯英英字典
专业释义
- (货币)可兑换黄金的
- (钱币)金属制的
- 硬的
- 结实又硬的
- (身体)结实的
- 到极限地
- 安定的,难合成的;(化学制品)难分解的
- (洗涤剂等)非生物降解性的
- 硬的
- (x射线等)具强大穿透力的,硬(性)的
- (飞行器着陆)硬的,碰撞的
- 设重防的;(导弹发射场等)设于地下的
- (底片等)高反差的
- 坚硬的
- 硬的