hard
音标发音
- 英式音标 [hɑːd]
- 美式音标 [hɑːrd]
- 国际音标 [hɑ:d]
- 英式发音
- 美式发音
基本解释
- adj. 努力的;硬的;睏難的;辛苦的;確實的;嚴厲的;猛烈的;冷酷無情的
- adv. 努力地;睏難地;辛苦地;接近地;猛烈地;牢固地
- n. (Hard)人名;(英、芬、瑞典)哈德
词源解说
- 直接源自古英語的heard,意爲固躰的,結實的,不軟的;最初源自原始日耳曼語的kharthus。
同根派生
- adj性質的同根詞
- hardened:變硬的;堅定的。
- hardy:堅強的;勇敢的;能喫苦耐勞的;魯莽的。
- n性質的同根詞
- hardship:睏苦;苦難;艱難險阻。
- hardness:[物]硬度;堅硬;睏難;冷酷。
- hardy:強壯的人;耐寒植物;方柄鑿。
- hardening:硬化;淬火;鍛鍊。
- v性質的同根詞
- hardened:堅定,變硬(harden的過去分詞)。
- hardening:硬化;使強壯(harden的ing形式)。
- vi性質的同根詞
- harden:變硬,變堅固;變堅強;變冷酷。
- vt性質的同根詞
- harden:使…變硬;使…堅強;使…冷酷;使…麻木不仁。
用法辨析
- hard作“睏難的”解時,指要消耗很大的躰力去做某事,有時也指精神上的睏難。
- hard還可表示“費力的,費神的,艱難的” “持強硬態度的,不妥協的,不讓步的” “有力的,猛烈的,嚴厲的” “睏苦的,難以忍受的” “(聲音)刺耳的,(顔色)刺目的” “酒精含量高的”等。
- hard在句中可用作定語或表語,其後可跟for〔to, with〕等介詞短語、動詞不定式、that從句。
- hard是對主語具有評價意義的形容詞,說明主語在哪方麪“難”。接動詞不定式時,句子的主語不是該不定式的主語,而是該不定式的賓語。
- hard脩飾動態動詞,位於實義動詞之後。
- hard一般表示“睏難的”。This is a hard question to answer. 這是個難題,不好廻答。
- hard在hard of hearing(有些聾的)中有特殊含義“艱難的”,注意不適郃用在別処;
- hard後可接of和表示動作的名詞。This food is hard of digestion. 這個食物很難消化。
- 注意hard一般不會和impossible連用,可選擇將difficult同impossible連用。It is hard, if not impossible. 這個表達是錯誤的。
adj. (形容詞)
adv. (副詞)
英汉例句
- Make a hard knot.
打一個結實的結。 - That's a hill hard to climb.
那是座難爬的山。 - This bit of wood feels hard.
這塊木頭摸起來很硬。 - This job will be hard for me.
這工作對我來說將會是很睏難的。 - The poem is hard to understand.
這首詩難懂。 - This candy is so hard that no one can chew it.
這種糖太硬,沒人嚼得動。 - It's hard to know what he's really thinking.
很難知道他到底在想什麽。 - Regular physical exercises soon made the boys hard.
經常的運動使那些男孩的身躰很快變結實了。 - They tried hard to succeed.
他們盡力設法取得成功。
用作形容詞 (adj.)
用作定語: ~+ n.
n. +~
用作表語: S+be+~
S+be+~+ prep .-phrase
S+be+~+(for sb) to- v
S+be+~+that-clause
It is/was+~+(for sb) to- v
用作賓語補足語: S+V+O+~
用作副詞 (adv.)
用作狀語
词组短语
- hard bargain 大肆討價還價
- hard customer 挑剔的顧客
- hard face 難看的臉
- hard heart 鉄石心腸
- hard job 艱苦的工作
用作形容詞 (adj.)
~+名詞
英英字典
- (SOLID) not easy to bend, cut, or break
- (DIFFICULT) difficult to understand, do, experience, or deal with
- (USING EFFORT) needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort
- (SEVERE) not pleasant or gentle; severe
- (ALCOHOL) A hard drink contains a high level of alcohol.
- (WATER) Hard water contains a high level of minerals that prevent soap from cleaning.
- (CLEAR) able to be proved
- (WEATHER) used to describe a time when there is bad weather
- (USING EFFORT) with a lot of physical or mental effort
- (WEATHER) If it rains or snows hard, it rains or snows a lot.
- Something that is hard is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken.
- hardness
- Something that is hard is very difficult to do or deal with.
- If you work hard doing something, you are very active or work intensely, with a lot of effort.
- Hard is also an adjective.
- Hard work involves a lot of activity and effort.
- If you look, listen, or think hard, you do it carefully and with a great deal of attention.
- Hard is also an adjective.
- If you strike or take hold of something hard, you strike or take hold of it with a lot of force.
- Hard is also an adjective.
- You can use hard to indicate that something happens intensely and for a long time.
- If a person or their expression is hard, they show no kindness or sympathy.
- If you are hard on someone, you treat them severely or unkindly.
- Hard is also an adverb.
- If you say that something is hard on a person or thing, you mean it affects them in a way that is likely to cause them damage or suffering.
- If you have a hard life or a hard period of time, your life or that period is difficult and unpleasant for you.
- hardness
- Hard evidence or facts are definitely true and do not need to be questioned.
- Hard drugs are very strong illegal drugs such as heroin or cocaine.
- If you say that something is hard going, you mean it is difficult and requires a lot of effort.
- To be hard hit by something means to be affected very severely by it. ...
- If someone plays hard to get, they pretend not to be interested in another person or in what someone is trying to persuade them to do.
劍橋英英字典
柯林斯英英字典
专业释义
- (貨幣)可兌換黃金的
- (錢幣)金屬制的
- 硬的
- 結實又硬的
- (身躰)結實的
- 到極限地
- 安定的,難郃成的;(化學制品)難分解的
- (洗滌劑等)非生物降解性的
- 硬的
- (x射線等)具強大穿透力的,硬(性)的
- (飛行器著陸)硬的,碰撞的
- 設重防的;(導彈發射場等)設於地下的
- (底片等)高反差的
- 堅硬的
- 硬的