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surprise

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音标发音

  • 英式音标 [səˈpraɪz]
  • 美式音标 [sərˈpraɪz]
  • 国际音标 [sə'praiz]
  • 英式发音
  • 美式发音

基本解释

  • n.惊奇；惊喜；惊讶；突然
  • vt.使惊奇；使惊喜；突然袭击；惊讶地发现

词源解说

  • 16世纪中期进入英语，直接源自古法语的surprendre：sur （过） + prendre (超），意为超过某人；最初源自古典拉丁语的prendere，意为抓住，获取。

同根派生

  • adj性质的同根词
    surprised：感到惊讶的，出人意料的。
    surprising：令人惊讶的；意外的。
  • adv性质的同根词
    surprisingly：惊人地；出人意外地。
    surprisedly：吃惊地；诧异地。
  • n性质的同根词
    surprisal：惊异。
  • v性质的同根词
    surprised：使惊奇（surprise的过去分词形式）。
    surprising：使惊奇；意外发现（surprise的ing形式）。

用法辨析

    v. (动词)

  • surprise的基本意思是“使惊奇”,指未曾预料的或空前的事物使人产生某种惊讶感或诧异感,强调始料不及或缺乏准备,引申可表示对未做防范的人采取行动或揭露其试图掩盖的事实。用于军事上可指袭击,但不表示是否袭击成功。
  • surprise是及物动词,其宾语常是人称代词。接名词、代词或以现在分词充当补足语的复合宾语。
  • surprise后接介词at表示“对…感到惊讶”; 后接介词from表示“出其不意使…说了”; 后接介词into表示“出其不意地使人…”; 后接介词with表示“以…使(某人)惊奇”。
  • surprise的现在分词和过去分词都可用作形容词,在句中作表语或定语。surprise的现在分词作表语时含主动意义,主语一般是物。常采用以it作形式主语的结构,其真正主语由that引出。surprise的过去分词作表语时含被动意义,主语一般是人,后接由介词at引导的短语、动词不定式或that/wh-从句,表示“对…感到惊奇”。

    • n. (名词)

  • surprise表示“惊奇,惊讶”,用作不可数名词; 表示“令人吃惊的事物”,用作可数名词。
  • surprise在句中还可用作定语。

英汉例句

    用作动词 (v.)

    用作及物动词: S+～+ n./pron.

  • He may surprise us all yet.
    他总有一天会让我们大家惊奇。

    • It ～s/ed+ n./pron. +to- v

  • It surprised me to see so many people there.
    在那里看到那么多人使我感到意外。

    • It ～s/ed+ n./pron. +that-clause

  • It surprised them that she was such a fine swimmer.
    她游得这么好,使他们都很惊奇。

    • S+be ～ed+to- v

  • I'm surprised to hear you say that.
    听你这样讲,我感到吃惊。

    • S+be ～ed+that-clause

  • I'm surprised that you should think this way.
    我感到奇怪的是你竟这样想。

    • S+be ～ed+wh-clause

  • I was surprised why he came here so early.
    他为什么到这里那么早,我很惊奇。

    • 用作宾补动词: S+～+ n./pron. +(as) v -ing

  • We returned early and surprised the burglars searching through the cupboards.
    我们回来得早,没想到正好撞见有贼在偷柜子里的东西。

    • 用作名词 (n.)

  • I'll never forget his surprise when we told him.
    我永远不会忘记我们告诉他时他所表现出来的惊讶表情。

词组短语

    用作动词 (v.)

    ～+副词

  • surprise very much 使非常吃惊
  • surprise agreeably 又惊又喜地发现
  • surprise delightfully 感到惊喜
  • surprise disagreeably 感到吃惊和不快
  • surprise greatly 使大为吃惊

英英字典

    剑桥英英字典

  • (EVENT) an unexpected event
  • (FEELING) the feeling caused by something unexpected happening
  • to make someone feel surprise

    • 柯林斯英英字典

  • A surprise is an unexpected event, fact, or piece of news.
  • Surprise is also an adjective.
  • Surprise is the feeling that you have when something unexpected happens.
  • If something surprises you, it gives you a feeling of surprise.
  • If you surprise someone, you give them, tell them, or do something pleasant that they are not expecting.
  • If you describe someone or something as a surprise, you mean that they are very good or pleasant although you were not expecting this.
  • If you surprise someone, you attack, capture, or find them when they are not expecting it.
  • &rarrsee also surprised , surprising
  • If something takes you by surprise, it happens when you are not expecting it or when you are not prepared for it.

专业释义

    心理学

  • 惊奇

    • 艺术学

  • 惊奇