chronic

1. ADJ A chronic illness or disability lasts for a very long time. Compare . 慢性的; 長期的

...chronic back pain. …長期背痛。

2. chronicallyADV 慢性地; 長期地[ADV adj/-ed]

Most of them were chronically ill. 他們中大部分人都有慢性病。

3. ADJ You can describe someone's bad habits or behaviour as chronic when they have behaved like that for a long time and do not seem to be able to stop themselves. 積習難改的[ADJ n]

...a chronic worrier. …一個老是發愁的人。

4. ADJ A chronic situation or problem is very severe and unpleasant. 嚴重的

One cause of the artist's suicide seems to have been chronic poverty. 那位藝術家自殺的原因之一好像是極度貧睏。

5. chronicallyADV 嚴重地[ADV adj/-ed]

Research and technology are said to be chronically underfunded. 據說研究和技術資金嚴重不足。